RSV
Respiratoorne süntsüütiline viirus (RSV)
Respiratoorne süntsüütiline viirus (RSV) levib õhu kaudu tilkadega ja mõjutab peamiselt alumisi hingamisteid. Allpool oleme esitanud teavet RSV kohta inglise keeles, selgitades haiguse kulgu ja riskitegureid.
How much do you know about RSV?
Stay informed about the facts. Learn more about the potential impact of RSV.1
RSV-associated acute lower respiratory infection is a leading cause of hospitalisation among infants2
Infants have immature immune systems, making them especially susceptible to an RSV infection.3,4 While RSV can cause infections at all ages, young infants—especially those <6 months of age—have the highest incidence of severe disease.5
In fact, virtually all children will have been infected by RSV by age 2.5
of children have been
infected with RSV by their first birthday
of children have been infected with RSV by 2 years of age
Infants who have experienced RSV-related illness are at risk for developing recurrent wheezing and/or asthma later in childhood7,8
Infants, especially those <6 months of age, are at the highest risk of severe RSV disease9
The majority of RSV-associated hospitalisation cases were in healthy, full-term infants with no preexisting condition10
Global burden of RSV-associated acute lower respiratory infections1:
Estimated at
33 million annually
in children <5 years of age11
1.4 million hospitalisations
in infants <6 months of age
27,300 in-hospital deaths
in infants <6 months of age
Infants requiring medical attention due to RSV disease may have an increased exposure to unnecessary antibiotics7
RSV-associated acute lower respiratory infections may lead to consequences that burden health care systems3,10,12
Healthy, full-term infants in their first year of life were at risk for hospitalisation, emergency department visits, general practitioner visits and outpatient services due to RSV-related illness in a multinational study.13,a
Health care costs
Direct health care costs for RSV disease can be an economic burden in cases where infants require hospitalisation10,14,b
Health care resource utilisation later in life
RSV-associated hospitalisation in the first year of life can lead to increased health care resource utilisation among patients later in life, with increased office and emergency department visits15,16,c
Parents and caregivers of children <2 years of age who are hospitalised with RSV disease experienced emotional distress, disruption of family routine and financial burden, even after discharge17–19,d
aBased on a multicentre, prospective, observational cohort study with 9,154 healthy full-term infants (≥37 weeks of gestation) born between July 1, 2017 and July 31, 2020 and followed for 1 year. A total of 1,041 infants were included in active surveillance and 993 were included in the analysis. Each of the five study sites were located in a different European country (Spain, Finland, England, Scotland and the Netherlands). An acute respiratory infection episode was defined as the onset or worsening of symptoms for at least 1 day (runny or blocked nose, coughing, wheezing or dyspnoea). An RSV-positive ARI episode was confirmed using RT-qPCR and/or point-of-care antigen assays.13
bBased on a study and a report: a prospective cohort study conducted across four European countries (UK, Spain, Finland and the Netherlands) between July 2017 and November 2019. The study recruited 1,041 healthy term-born infants at birth and actively followed them for their first year of life during RSV seasons, identifying 265 RSV episodes from 252 infants in total to estimate associated costs; and a rapid risk assessment by the ECDC on the intensified circulation of RSV in the EU/EEA during the 2022 season. The report highlights an earlier than usual onset, increased hospitalisations and the strain on health care systems due to the concurrent circulation of influenza and SARS-CoV-2.10,14
cBased on two studies: a cohort study using medical claims data from January 2004 to September 2015 analysed 38,473 US infants hospitalised for RSV infection, focusing on those with at least 24 months of continuous enrollment and up to 5 years of health care utilisation data following infection; and a systematic literature review of studies published from January 1995 to December 2015 that examined the nature, incidence and impact of long-term wheezing and asthma following hospitalisation for RSV-associated lower respiratory tract infections early in life.15,16
dBased on three studies: a multicenter, non-interventional, observational cohort study on preterm infants <12 months of age (N=212) hospitalised for RSV disease in the US from 2014–2015; a survey-based, observational, non-interventional study on health care professionals experienced in RSV and parents of RSV hospitalised children (<24 months of age) in Spain and Italy from 2014–2015; and an international observational cross-sectional study between September 2022 and May 2023 of parents and caregivers of children (<24 months of age) with an RSV-induced hospitalisation were recruited to share their perspective into family life throughout the course of the disease episode.17–19
Important information to consider when evaluating prevention options for RSV disease
RSV disease presents with a range of different symptoms and no gold standard clinical development endpoints have been established. Therefore, multiple clinical study endpoints, including hospitalisation and disease severity measures, are important when evaluating prevention options.20–23
Talk to parents today to help protect infants from RSV.3
ARI, acute respiratory infection; EU, European Union; EEA, European Economic Area; RSV, respiratory syncytial virus; RT-qPCR, reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction.
References: 1. WHO strategy for global respiratory syncytial virus surveillance project based on the influenza platform. World Health Organization. Published December 2, 2019. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/who-strategy-for-global-respiratory-syncytial-virus-surveillance-project-based-on-the-influenza-platform 2. Global influenza programme: respiratory syncytial virus surveillance. World Health Organization. Accessed September 11, 2024. https://www.who.int/teams/global-influenza-programme/global-respiratory-syncytial-virus-surveillance 3. Respiratory syncytial virus. (RSV). In: Green Book. UK Health Security Agency. 2013;1-24. Last updated February 5, 2025. https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/respiratory-syncytial-virus-the-green-book-chapter-27a 4. About vaccines for your children. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Last reviewed August 9, 2024. Accessed February 27, 2025. https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines-children/about/ 5. WHO preferred product characteristics of monoclonal antibodies for passive immunization against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) disease. World Health Organization. Published June 8, 2021. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240021853 6. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV): symptoms, transmission, prevention, treatment. Government of the United Kingdom. Last reviewed September 16, 2021. Accessed November 6, 2024. https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/respiratory-syncytial-virus-rsv-symptoms-transmission-prevention-treatment/respiratory-syncytial-virus-rsv-symptoms-transmission-prevention-treatment 7. Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ. Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett’s Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. 9th ed. 2 volumes. Elsevier; 2020. 8. Respiratory syncytial virus. In: Kimberlin DW, Barnett ED, Lynfield R, Sawyer MH, eds. Red Book: 2021-2024 Report of the Committee on Infectious Diseases. 32nd ed. American Academy of Pediatrics. 2021;628-629. 9. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). World Health Organization. Updated February 3, 2025. Accessed February 27, 2025. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/respiratory-syncytial-virus-(rsv) 10. European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. Intensified circulation of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and associated hospital burden in the EU/EEA. Last reviewed December 12, 2022. https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/sites/default/files/documents/RRA-20221128-473.pdf 11. Li Y, Wang X, Blau DM, et al. Global, regional, and national disease burden estimates of acute lower respiratory infections due to respiratory syncytial virus in children younger than 5 years in 2019: a systematic analysis. Lancet. 2022;399(10340):2047-2064. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(22)00478-0 12. Li X, Willem L, Antillon M, Bilcke J, Jit M, Beutels P. Health and economic burden of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) disease and the cost-effectiveness of potential interventions against RSV among children under 5 years in 72 Gavi-eligible countries. BMC Med. 2020;18(1):82. doi:10.1186/s12916-020-01537-6 13. Wildenbeest JG, Billard MN, Zuurbier RP, et al. The burden of respiratory syncytial virus in healthy term-born infants in Europe: a prospective birth cohort study. Lancet Respir Med. 2023;11(4):341-353. doi:10.1016/S2213-2600(22)00414-3 14. Mao Z, Li X, Dacosta-Urbieta A, et al. Economic burden and health-related quality-of-life among infants with respiratory syncytial virus infection: a multi-country prospective cohort study in Europe. Vaccine. 2023;41(16):2707-2715. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.03.024 15. Simões EAF, Chirikov V, Botteman M, Kwon Y, Kuznik A. Long-term assessment of healthcare utilization 5 years after respiratory syncytial virus infection in US infants. J Infect Dis. 2020;221(8):1256-1270. doi:10.1093/infdis/jiz278 16. Fauroux B, Simões EAF, Checchia PA, et al. The burden and long-term respiratory morbidity associated with respiratory syncytial virus infection in early childhood. Infect Dis Ther. 2017;6(2):173-197. doi:10.1007/s40121-017-0151-4 17. Pokrzywinski RM, Swett LL, Pannaraj PS, et al. Impact of respiratory syncytial virus-confirmed hospitalizations on caregivers of US preterm infants. Clin Pediatr (Phila). 2019;58(8):837-850. doi:10.1177/0009922819843639 18. Carbonell-Estrany X, Dall’Agnola A, Fullarton JR, et al. Interaction between healthcare professionals and parents is a key determinant of parental distress during childhood hospitalisation for respiratory syncytial virus infection (European RSV Outcomes Study [EROS]). Acta Paediatr. 2018;107(5):854-860. doi:10.1111/apa.14224 19. Trautmannsberger I, Plagg B, Adamek I, et al. The multifaceted burden of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infections in young children on the family: a European study. Infect Dis Ther. 2024;13(7):1531-1573. doi:10.1007/s40121-024-00989-0 20. Roberts JN, Graham BS, Karron RA, et al. Challenges and opportunities in RSV vaccine development: meeting report from FDA/NIH workshop. Vaccine. 2016;34(41):4843-4849. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.07.057 21. Guidelines on the quality, safety and efficacy of respiratory syncytial virus vaccines, Annex 2, TRS No 1024. World Health Organization. Published on November 11, 2020. https://www.who.int/publications/m/item/respiratory-syncytial-virus-vaccines-annex-2-trs-no-1024 22. RSV in infants and young children. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Last reviewed August 30, 2024. Accessed November 7, 2024. https://www.cdc.gov/rsv/infants-young-children/ 23. European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). Accessed September 5, 2024. https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/respiratory-syncytial-virus-rsv
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